Exercises: 15

1. The refractory adjustment for close vision is called accommodation

2. Area behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris is called the anterior

chamber.

3. Fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber is aqueous

humor.

4. Biconvex is having two sides that are rounded, elevated and curved evenly like

part of a sphere.

5. Choroid is middle, vascular layer of the eye.

6. Ciliary body is a structure on each side of the lens that connects the choroid and

iris.

7. Cone is a photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a

nerve impulse. It is responsible for color and central vision.

8. Conjunctiva is a delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior

eyeball.

9. Cornea is a fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the

anterior portion of the eyeball.

10. Fovea centralis is a tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of

clearest vision.

11. The posterior, inner part of the eye is called the fundus.

12. Iris is the colored pigmented membrane surrounding the pupil of the eye.

13. Lens if the transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye.

14. Macula is a yellowish region on the retina lateral to and slightly below the optic

disc.

15. Optic chiasm is a point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain.

16. Optic disc is the region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the

retina.

17. Optic nerve is a cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain

18. Pupil is a dark opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light

rays pass.

19. Bending of the light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the

rays into focus on the retina is refraction.

20. Retina is the light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor

cells.

21. Rod is a photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for

peripheral vision.

22. Sclera is a tough, white outer coat of the eyeball.

23. Thalamus is the relay center of the brain.

24. Vitreous humor is a soft-jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous

chamber.

25. A portion of the iris is removed to improve drainage of aqueous humor or to

extract a foreign body is called Iridectomy.

26. A medical doctor who specializes in treating disorders of the eye is called

ophthalmologist.

27. Nonmedical professional who can examine eyes to determine vision problems and

prescribe lenses is an optometrist.

28. Optician is a Nonmedical professional who grinds lenses and fit glasses but

cannot prescribe lenses.

29. Phacoemulsification is a technique of cataract extraction using ultrasonic

vibrations to fragment the lens and aspirate it from the eye.

30. Aphakia may be congenital, but often it is the result of extraction of a cataract

without placement of an artificial lens.

31. Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder that destroys retinal rods.

32. .Hemianopsia is absence of vision in half of the visual field.

33. Exotropia is an outward turning of an eye.

34. Esotropia is inward turning of an eye.

35. Strabismus is a defect in eye muscles so that both eyes cannot be focused on

the same point at the same time.

36. Astigmatism is defective curvature of the cornea r lens of the eye.

37. Hyperopia is farsightedness.

38. Myopia is nearsightedness.

39. Presbyopia is impairment of vision as a result of old age.

40. Clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision is cataract.

41. Chalazion is small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid; formed as a result of chronic

inflammation of a sebaceous gland along the margin of the eyelid.

42. Retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include microaneurysms, hemorrhages,

dilation of retinal veins and neovascularization is diabetic retinopathy.

43. Increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve

with loss of vision is called glaucoma.

44. Hordeolum is localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of a

sebaceous gland in the eyelid

45. Inflammation of the eyelid is called Blepharitis.

46. Blockage, inflammation and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and sac is

Dacryocystitis.

47. Ectropion is outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid.

48. Entropion is inversion of the eyelid.

49. Drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems is called

Ptosis.

50. Raised yellowish plaque on eyelid caused by lip disorder is Xanthelasma.

51. Progressive damage to the macula of the retina is called macular

degeneration.

52. Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes are Nystagmus.

53. Two layers of the retina separate from each other is retinal detachment.

54. Fluorescein angiography is intravenous injection followed by serial

photographs of the retina through dilated pupils.

55. Visual examination of the interior of the eye is called Ophthalmoscopy.

56. Slit lamp microscopy is an examination of anterior ocular structures under

microscopic magnification.

57. Visual acuity test is an assessment of visual clarity.

58. Removal of the entire eyeball is called Enucleation.

59. Keratoplasty is surgical repair of the cornea.

60. Laser photocoagulation is intense; precisely focused light beam creates an

inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky blood vessels.

61. Using an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction is LASIK.

62. Suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina is

Scleral buckle.

63. Removal of the vitreous humor is Vitrectomy.