Exercises: 7

1. The skin and its accessory organs are the Integumentary system

2. The skin weighs about 8 to 10 pounds.

3. The skin extends over an area of 22 square feet in an average adult

4. The skin contains two types of glands; they are sebaceous and sweat glands.

5. Sebaceous glands produce sebum, an oily secretion.

6. The sweat glands produce sweat, a watery secretion.

7. The nerve fibers under the skin are receptors for sensations such as pain,

temperature, pressure and touch.

8. The three layers of skin are epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer.

9. The epidermis is the outermost, totally cellular layer of the skin.

10. The epidermal layer is composed of squamous epithelium cells.

11. In the outer layer of the skin, these cells are arranged in several layers to form

stratified squamous epithelium.

12. The epidermis lacks blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and connective tissue

13. The deeper layer of the epidermis is called the basal layer.

14. The cells flatten, shrink, and lose their nuclei and die, becoming filled with a hard

protein material called keratin.

15. The basal layer of the epidermis contains special cells called melanocytes.

16. Melanin gives color to the skin.

17. Individuals who are incapable of forming melanin are called albino.

18. The dermis is composed of interwoven elastic and collagen fibers.

19. Lipocytes are predominant in the subcutaneous layer, and they manufacture

and store large quantities of fat.

20. The lunula is a semilunar whitish region at the base of the nail plate.

21. The cuticle, a narrow band of epidermis is at the base and sided of the nail

plate.

22. The paronychium is the soft tissue surrounding the nail border.

23. Onycholysis is the loosening of the nail plate with separation from the nail bed.

24. The sebaceous glands open into the hair follicles.

25. The two types of sweat glands are eccrine and apocrine glands

26. The tiny opening on the surface of the skin is a pore.

27. Hair follicle is the sac within which each hair grows.

28. Causalgia is the intensely unpleasant burning sensation in skin and muscles

when there is damage to nerves.

29. Removal of subcutaneous fat tissue through a tube that is introduced into the

fatty area is called liposuction.

30. Crust is the collection of dried serum and cellular debris.

31. Cyst is the thick-walled, closed sac containing fluid or semisolid material.

32. Erosion is the wearing away or loss of epidermis.

33. Fissure is the groove or crack-like sore.

34. Macule is the discolored flat lesion.

35. Nodule is the solid, round or oval elevated lesion more than 1cm in diameter.

36. Papule is the small less than 1cm in diameter, solid elevation of the skin.

37. Polyp is the benign growth extending from the surface of mucous membrane.

38. Pustule is the small elevation of the skin containing pus.

39. Ulcer is the open sore on the skin or mucous membrane within the body.

40. Vesicle is the small collection of clear fluid.

41. Wheal is the smooth, slightly elevated, swollen area that is redder or paler than

the surrounding skin.

42. Absence of hair from area where it normally grows is called alopecia.

43. Bluish-black mark on the skin is called ecchymosis.

44. Small, pinpoint hemorrhage is called petechia.

45. Chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of

sebum is called acne.

46. Injury to tissues caused by heat contact is called burns.

47. Death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply is called gangrene.

48. Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by

silvery gray scales is psoriasis.

49. A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritis is called scabies.

50. A chronic progressive disease of the skin with hardening and shrinking of

connective tissue is called scleroderma.

51. Chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, of joints and of

internal organs is called systemic lupus erythematosus

52. Loss of pigment in areas of the skin is called vitiligo.

53. Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure

or friction is called callus.

54. Hypertrophied, thickened scar that occurs after trauma or surgical incision is

called keloid.

55. A white, thickened patch on mucous membrane tissue of the tongue or cheek is

called leukoplakia.

56. Use of subfreezing temperature via liquid nitrogen application to destroy tissue is

called cryosurgery.

57. Use of a sharp dermal curette to scrape away a skin lesion is called curettage.

58. Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark is called

electrodesiccation.

59. In Moh’s surgery, thin layers of a malignant growth are removed, and each is

examined under a microscope.

60. Diffuse acute infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain and

swelling is called Cellulitis.

61. Malignant neoplasm originating in scale-like cells of the epidermis is squamous

cell carcinoma.

62. Cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes is called malignant melanoma.

63. Malignant neoplasm originating in the basal layer of the epidermis is called basal

cell carcinoma.

64. Two skin tests for allergy are scratch and patch test

65. A surgical procedure to core out a disk of skin for microscopic analysis is punch

biopsy

66. A type of skin cancer associated with AIDS and marked by dark blue-purple

lesions over the skin is Kaposi sarcoma.

67. Scraping away skin to remove acne scars and fine wrinkles on the skin is

dermabrasion.