Exercises: 8

1. When food containing proteins are used by the cells, waste products containing

nitrogen are released into the bloodstream.

2. The nitrogenous wastes are urea, Creatinine and uric acid

3. Electrolytes are small molecules that conduct an electrical charge.

4. Renin is an enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure.

5. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in bone

marrow.

6. The kidneys secrete an active form of vitamin D, necessary for the absorption of

calcium from the intestine.

7. The kidney is a bean-shaped organ behind the abdominal cavity on either side of

the lumbar region.

8. The kidneys consist of an outer cortex and an inner medulla region.

9. The hilum is a depression on the medial border of the kidney.

10. The Ureter carries urine in peristaltic waves from the kidneys to the urinary

bladder.

11. Urinary bladder is the temporary reservoir for urine.

12. The trigone is a triangular region at the base of the bladder where the ureters

enter and the urethra exits.

13. The urethra is a membranous tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to

the outside of the body.

14. The process of voiding urine through the urethra is micturition.

15. The external opening of the urethra is the urinary meatus.

16. Blood enters each kidney from the aorta by way of the right and left renal

arteries.

17. The collection of capillaries, shaped in the form of a tiny ball is a glomerulus.

18. Bowman capsule is a tiny, cup-like structure which surrounds each glomerulus.

19. The fundamental unit of a kidney is nephron.

20. Small cup-like regions of the renal pelvis are called calyces.

21. In the reabsorption process, the renal tubules return materials necessary to the

body back into the bloodstream.

22. Nephroptosis is a downward displacement or dropping of a kidney when its

anatomic supports are weakened.

23. Nocturia is frequent, excessive urination at night

24. Uremia is the toxic state results when nitrogenous waste products accumulate

greatly in the blood.

25. Urinary incontinence is the loss of control of the passage of urine from the

bladder.