Exercises: 9

1. Sexual reproduction is the union of the nuclei of the female sex cell ovum and

the male sex cell sperm.

2. The female gonads are ovaries.

3. Gynecology is the study of the female reproductive system.

4. Obstetrics is a specialty concerned with pregnancy and the delivery of the feus.

5. Neonatology is the study of the care and treatment of the newborn child.

6. The ovaries are the small, almond-shaped organs located in the pelvis.

7. The fallopian tubes lead from each ovary to the uterus.

8. The uterus is a hollow muscular organ situated between the urinary bladder and

the rectum.

9. Midway between the uterus and the rectum is a region in the abdominal cavity

known as cul-de-sac

10. The vagina is a tubular structure extending from the uterus to the exterior of the

body.

11. Bartholin glands are two small, rounded glands on either side of the vaginal

orifice.

12. The clitoris is an organ of sensitive, erectile tissue located anterior to the vaginal

orifice and in front of the urethral meatus.

13. The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is the perineum.

14. The external genitalia of the female are collectively called the vulva.

15. The labia majora is the outer lips of the vagina.

16. The labia minora is the smaller, inner lips of the vagina.

17. The hymen is a thin membrane partially covering the entrance to the vagina.

18. Each ovary is held in place on either side of the uterus by a utero-ovarian

ligament.

19. Within each ovary there are thousands of small sacs called the ovarian follicles.

20. Each follicle contains an ovum.

21. When an ovum matures, its follicles rupture through the surface and release the

ovum from the ovary. This is called ovulation.

22. A ruptured follicle fills first with blood and then with a yellow, fat-like material

called corpus luteum.

23. Collectively, the fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments are the

adenexa.

24. The finger-like ends of the fallopian tube is called the Fimbriae.

25. The rounded upper portion of the uterus is called the fundus.

26. The larger, central portion of the uterus is called the corpus.

27. The specialized inner layer of epithelial mucosa of the uterus is endometrium.

28. The middle, muscular layer of the uterine wall is the Myometrium.

29. The outer, membranous tissue layer of the uterus is the uterine serosa.

30. The narrow, lowermost portion of the uterus is called the cervix.

31. The breasts are two mammary glands located in the upper anterior region of

the chest.

32. The breast nipple is the mammary papilla.

33. Menarche or the first menstrual cycle, occurs at the onset of puberty

34. The placenta, a vascular organ, forms within the uterine wall.

35. The outermost membrane that surrounds the developing embryo is chorion.

36. The amnion is the innermost of the embryonic membranes holding the fetus

suspended in an amniotic cavity.

37. The amniotic cavity is surrounded by a fluid called the amniotic fluid.

38. The pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone and Luteinizing

hormone after the onset of menstruation.

39. When all of the ova are used up and secretion of estrogen from the ovaries

lessens, menopause begins.

40. Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple is the areola.

41. Hormone secreted by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex a

characteristic is the estrogen.

42. Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops is called

fertilization.

43. Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the

mother’s ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone is called human

chorionic gonadotropin.

44. Tubes that carry milk within the breast is called lactiferous duct.

45. Monthly shedding of the uterine lining is called menstruation.

46. The act of giving birth is called parturition.

47. Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of

pregnant women is progesterone.

48. Culdocentesis is a needle placed through the posterior wall of the vagina and

fluid withdrawn for diagnostic purposes.

49. Episiotomy is the incision through the skin of the perineum enlarges the vaginal

orifice for delivery.

50. Abnormal, persistent discharge of milk is called galactorrhea.

51. Enlargement of one or both breasts in a male are called gynecomastia.

52. Hysteroscopy is an endoscopy used to view the uterine cavity.

53. Absence of menses for 6 months or for longer than 3 of the patient’s normal

menstrual cycles is called amenorrhea.

54. Oligomenorrhea is infrequent or scanty menstrual periods.

55. Menorrhagia is abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods.

56. Metrorrhagia is bleeding between menses.

57. Menometrorrhagia is excessive bleeding during and between menstrual

periods.

58. Leukorrhea is the nonbloody vaginal discharge.

59. Inflammation of the cervix is called cervicitis.

60. Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus is endometriosis.

61. A benign tumor in the uterus is called fibroids.

62. Collections of fluid within a sac in the ovary are ovarian cyst.

63. Numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast is called

fibrocystic disease.

64. Premature separation of the implanted placenta is abruptio placentae.

65. Malignant tumor of the placenta is called choriocarcinoma.

66. Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine

location is called Ectopic pregnancy.

67. Placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of he

uterine wall is placenta previa.

68. Abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure,

proteinuria and edema is Preeclampsia.

69. Chromosomal abnormality results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat

face with a short nose, low-set ears and slanted eyes is Down syndrome.

70. Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility

between the mother and the fetus is called Erythroblastosis fetalis.

71. Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn is hyaline

membrane disease.

72. Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain is hydrocephalus.

73. Abnormal inhalation of Meconium produced by a fetus or newborn is called

Meconium aspiration syndrome.

74. Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum is pyloric stenosis.

75. Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix is

pap smear.

76. X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast

material is Hysterosalpingography.

77. X-ray imaging of the breast is called mammography.

78. Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction is called

aspiration.

79. Destruction of tissue by burning is called cauterization.

80. Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope is called

Colposcopy.

81. Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix is called Conization.

82. Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue is called cryosurgery.

83. Widening of the cervix and scraping the endometrium of the uterus is called

dilation and curettage.

84. Removal of internal organs is called Exenteration.

85. Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope is called

laparoscopy.

86. Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring is tubal

ligation.

87. Spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can

exist on its own is abortion.

88. Needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis is

called amniocentesis.

89. Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus is called

cesarean section.

90. Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis is called chorionic villus

sampling.

91. Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish to

facilitate fertilization is called in vitro fertilization.

92. Measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis is called Pelvimetry.